• Delayed frequent arrival to work.
• Frequent absence day after party or at least slow, slurred and irregular work. • frequent disappearances post without prior justification.
• Small absences for minor illnesses: Colds, flu, or minor accidents occurred with regularity at work, outside, on the road.
• Progressive change in attitude of the subject hitherto regarded as a good worker, discussions, reviews, small mistakes which seeks to justify, small accidents which offers or other material liable.
• Marked variations in mood, anger, loss of interest in the job.

Inpatient treatment versus outpatient treatment.

People with symptoms of mild to moderate lifting are usually treated as outpatients and are assigned to support groups, guidance, or both. Inpatient treatment, which could take place in a general or psychiatric hospital or in a center dedicated to alcohol and substance abuse, is recommended for patients with delirium tremens. The usual system there is made by physical examination and psychiatric, detoxification, treatment with psychotherapy or behavioral therapy and an introduction to Alcoholics Anonymous. Due to the high cost of inpatient care, people are now questioning its advantages over outpatient care. One study compared to alcoholics who were hospitalized or employees who were treated as outpatients with compulsory attendance at AA meetings or who were allowed to choose their own choice, including no treatment at all. After two years, all experienced fewer problems at work, but among those in the hospital group had significantly fewer rehospitalizations and remained abstinent over time people in the other two groups. Another study looking at treatment programs for substance and alcohol found that 75% of hospitalized patients completed therapy compared with only 18% of outpatients. Other studies, however, revealed no difference in outcomes between those programs and outpatient hospitalization. Studies have attempted to discover the features that can make people more likely to get out of hospital programs or clinics. One study found that people who leave outpatient treatment are more likely to be women, young, unskilled and be people with more than one type of addiction. Another reported that leaving treatment hospital against medical advice tend to have jobs, have a college education and have had a history of leaving treatment.

Psychotherapy and behavioral therapy.

Two different forms of psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychotherapy group interaction, have been beneficial to persons with alcoholism. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), founded in 1935, is an excellent example of interaction in group psychotherapy and remains the most-known for helping people with alcoholism. It offers a strong support network which uses group meetings available seven days a week at locations throughout the world. A system of friends (buddy system), a group understanding of alcoholism and forgiveness of relapses are AA’s standard methods to increase self-esteem and alleviate feelings of isolation. The approximation of the AA 12 steps to recovery include a spiritual component that can deter people who lack religious convictions. Prayer and Meditation, however, have been known to be of great value in the process of healing many diseases, even in people without particular religious beliefs. Associated programs for members, Al-Anon and Alateen, offer help to family members and friends. The cognitive-behavioral therapy use a structured approach to teaching. People with alcoholism are given instructions and are assigned tasks with the intention of improving their ability to cope with basic living situations, to control behavior and to change the way they think about drinking. For example, they may ask patients to write a history of alcohol-related experiences and describe what they consider to be risky situations. Then they were assigned activities to help them cope when exposed to the “signs”-places or experiences that trigger the desire to drink. Also be assigned tasks to patients that are designed to replace the drink. An interesting example of such a program successful was one in which patients were recruited on a softball team (softball), which gave them the opportunity to practice skills to address, develop supportive relationships and engage in healthy alternative activities. A study aimed to determine whether individuals can do better in a therapy under another. Alcoholics researchers categorized as being either Type A or Type B. Type A individuals became alcoholics at a later age, had symptoms or less severe psychiatric problems and better prospects than those of Type B. People in the group of type A responded well to psychotherapy group interaction, focusing on the emotions of the individual and the relationship with the group. They did so well with behavioral therapy. Type B people became alcoholics at an early age, had a high family risk for alcoholism, more severe symptoms and worse prospects. This group was very bad interaction with group therapy, but tended to do better with behavioral therapy. This difference in response to both treatments lasted two years later still.

The desire for alcohol during withdrawal, pain suppression and the high rate of relapse is due to adaptation and dependence on changes in brain chemistry caused by his long-term use of alcohol. Alcohol acts as a depressant on the central nervous system and causes relaxation and euphoria. In the brain, a small group of chemical messengers, called neurotransmitters, is responsible for changes in behavior after drinking alcohol. Of special interest to researchers are the neurotransmitter gamma aminobutérico acid (GABA, gamma amino butyric acid), dopamine and serotonin.

Genetic factors.

In people with severe alcoholism, researchers have located a gene that affects the function of a nerve-cell structure known as the dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2), which, in turn, influences the activity of dopamine. This gene is also found in people with attention deficit disorder, who are at increased risk for alcoholism, and is also present in people with Toilette syndrome and autism. The association of this gene with these neurological problems leading some experts to believe that the dopamine D2 receptor gene is not a primary cause of alcoholism, but that people with this gene is more likely to drink to treat behavioral and psychological symptoms of their neurological disorders. In addition, a main study did not find any connection whatsoever between the DRD2 gene and alcoholism. More work is needed in this area.

Depression and anxiety.

Some people drink to relieve anxiety or depression, and theories has been proposed on the fact that an inherited tendency for depression or anxiety can make people more susceptible to alcoholism. Studies have indicated, however, that when children of alcoholic parents raised by parents are not alcoholics, their risk for alcoholism but opportunities remain high for depression or anxiety are greater than those of the general population. Indeed, anxiety and depression are themselves caused by alcoholism can be reduced after the abolition of alcohol. Depression and anxiety can also play a major role in the development of alcoholism in the elderly and others who are subject to undesirable life changes like retirement, loss of a spouse or friend (a) and medical problems.

Physical Effects

Alcohol is not exposed to any process of digestion which mostly goes first to the small intestine before being absorbed by the bloodstream. Only a small portion goes directly into the bloodstream through the stomach lining. In the blood alcohol is metabolized (broken down to be removed or used by the body) through the process of oxidation. That is, it merges with oxygen and breaks down so that its basic elements leave the body in the form of carbon dioxide and water. The first oxidation is the liver, which breaks down approximately 50% of alcohol consumed in one hour. The rest remains in the bloodstream to be removed slowly.

Psychological Effects

Alcohol first affects the central nervous system and excessive and prolonged interference can cause brain damage. Popular belief that alcohol increases the excitement, but actually depresses many brain centers. The feeling of excitement is precisely because the depressed some brain centers reduce tensions and inhibitions and the person experiences feelings of sociability expanded or euphoria. Therefore it is said that alcohol “anesthesia, internal auditing.” However, if the alcohol concentration exceeds certain levels in the blood interferes with higher mental processes so that the distorted visual perception, motor coordination, balance, speech and vision have also suffered heavy damage. Large amounts of alcohol reduce body aches and pains and induce sleep. But continuous use irritates the stomach lining even to develop ulcers. Additionally tends to accumulate fat in the liver, interfering with its operation. In chronic alcoholics are raised serious brain disorders, liver (cirrhosis) and cardiovascular (increased blood pressure and thus the risk of a heart attack.) Even, there is evidence that alcohol increases the level of triglycerides (saturated fat or vegetable in the arteries) and thus also the risk of a heart attacks. Finally, as is well known, alcohol causes physical addiction and psychological dependence.

What damage alcohol causes in the body? At any given time depend on its concentration in the blood which in turn is determined by the following factors: amount ingested over a period of time, presence or absence of food in the stomach to retain the alcohol and reduce its rate of absorption, weight body, liver and efficiency of the person who eats

As alcohol consumption increases the anger and increasing tolerance to the effects at first, when you start eating, appeared relatively soon.

As they increase the dosage will increase the need to drink alcohol on a daily, include becoming continuous, if before he took occasionally throughout the day, end up consuming almost constantly.

This continued use will cause the person to lose control over alcohol, becoming the latter who controlled him. There comes a time when the person realizes they have a problem but the need for intake of alcohol is much greater than any reasoning to do and not to feel accused, blamed or have negative feelings that you’re doing, start drinking in alone or in places not known to others.

When he reaches this point the memory gaps are commonplace, can not remember where you’ve been or who has, or has seen someone … there is increasing in time and quantity, including periods of amnesia may occur.

All this, as is evident, causing problems at all levels, both in family and social life, including work if you keep getting to this point. Violent behavior that appear related to alcoholism are therefore problems when related to the rest of the people around him starts to become almost impossible.

Not only are these violent behaviors with alcoholism, but rose by almost constant bad mood, especially when you removed the alcohol issue and refer to their unquestionable problem, reactions that occur are very unpleasant and uncalled for.

They begin to be neglected especially when it comes to food, bad eating and this together with that alcohol reduces the ability to absorb vitamins properly, means an increase in food deterioration with consequent problems.

Physically, the most visible problems of alcoholism are nausea, vomiting, cramps, this adversely affects the stomach causing abdominal pains quite unpleasant. Presence of uncontrolled tremors, apparent confusion, the color of the skin becomes red accompanied with dilation of the capillaries of the face, so you can see a series of red veins around the nose and other parts of your face.

All this creates a clear fatigue because your body is being attacked by a product of these quantities is toxic to your body. Also present agitation, hallucinations, convulsions, tachycardia, sweating, they may have blackouts that may produce different injuries.